The USS Kitty Hawk race riot shook the Navy, highlighting deep racial divides. BUT when black sailors faced charges, while white ones walked free, it exposed a painful injustice within the ranks.

Sources
CNN
US aircraft carrier, site of a 1972 race riot at sea, on way to scrapyard--by Brad Lendon

Military History Now
The Kitty Hawk Race Riot — Inside the Eruption of Violence That Engulfed a U.S. Navy Carrier

The Navy Times
Race riot at sea — 1972 Kitty Hawk incident fueled fleet-wide unrest--by Mark Faram

Naval Musem
Article B: USS Kitty Hawk: A Riot for Equal Rights
The USS Kitty Hawk Riot, October 1972

San Diego Reader
USS Kitty Hawk

Wikipedia
USS Kitty Hawk riot

Photos
USS Kitty Hawk--from US Navy via Military History Now
Executive Officer Commander Benjamin Cloud--via Patrick Murfin Blog

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Hillary’s Story
In 1835, white workers faced poor wages and long hours. BUT instead of fighting for labor laws, they took their anger out on black run businesses in Washington, D.C. known as the Snow Riot.

Tina’s Story
Throughout the mid20th century, the US faced an immigration problem not unlike today. BUT the solution resulted in one of the largest mass deportation in American history.

Sources
Hillary's Story
Cultural Tourism DC
Epicurean Eating House/Snow Riot Site, African American Heritage Trail

Emancipation DC
The Snow Riot

Histories of the National Mall
Snow Riot

History News Network
Francis Scott Key's Shameful Role in the "Snow Riot"--Washington DC's First Race Riot

NPR (Books)
August 'Snow-Storm' Brought Devastation To D.C.

Washington Post
The 'Snow Riot'--by Jefferson Morley

Wikipedia
Snow Riot

Photos
Anna Maria Thornton--screenshot of painting by Gilbert Stewart via NPR Books WLRN
Beverly Snow's Restaurant--unknown artist via Wikipedia (public domain)

Tina's Story
Britannica
Operation Wetback--by Brent Funderburk

CATO Institute
Enforcement Didn’t End Unlawful Immigration in 1950s, More Visas Did--by Alex Nowrasteh

History
The Largest Mass Deportation in American History

Imagine Mexico
Operation Wetback: Most Massive Deportation of Undocumented Mexicans in USA History

Immigration History
Operation Wetback

NPR
It Came Up In The Debate: Here Are 3 Things To Know About 'Operation Wetback'--by Eyder Peralta

Philadelphia Tribune
“Operation Wetback”: America's Worst Mass Deportation--by Michael Coard

Slate
What the Mass Deportation of Immigrants Might Look Like--by Louis Hyman and Natasha Iskander

Southern Poverty Law Center (Facebook page)
Operation Wetback

Timeline
“Operation Wetback” uprooted a million lives and tore families apart. Sound familiar?--by Laura Smith

Vox
Operation Wetback, the 1950s immigration policy Donald Trump loves, explained--by Dara Lind

Wikipedia
Operation Wetback

Photos
Mexican immigrants held by Border Patrol during Operation Wetback--from US Border Patrol Museum (public domain) via Wikipedia
Dwight D. Eisenhower--from White House Presidential Library (public domain) via Wikipedia
Lieutenant General Joseph M. Swing--from Harry S. Truman Library & Museum (public domain) via Wikipedia

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