Tina and Hillary cover the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Operation Sea Spray.
Tina’s Story
Back in 1932, the US Public Health Service along with the Center for Disease Control, funded and started a study to measure the impact of syphilis on untreated black patients. BUT, when a remedy was discovered in the 1950s, the Department sought to prevent treatment instead.
Hillary’s Story
By the mid 20th century, the US military began research into potential threats of biological warfare. BUT, when the military runs tests outside of a laboratory setting, thousands of lives are put at risk.
Sources
Tina's Story
McGill Office for Science and Society
40 Years of Human Experimentation in America: The Tuskegee Study--by Ada McVean
JSTOR
Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study--by Allan M. Brandt
History
Tuskegee Experiment: The Infamous Syphilis Study--by ELIZABETH NIX
Social Dawinism
Scientific American
We Learned the Wrong Lessons from the Tuskegee ‘Experiment’
Wikipedia
Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Tuskegee University
NBER Working Paper Series
TUSKEGEE AND THE HEALTH OF BLACK MEN--by Marcella Alsan and Marianne Wanamaker
CDC
The US Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee
The New York Times
Families Emerge as Silent Victims Of Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment--by Carol Kaesuk Yoon
Blacks in U. S. Syphilis Program Settle Their Suit Out of Court
Trinity College Digital Repository
How Evolution was used to Support Scientific Racism--by Lindsay Pressman
Britannica
Tuskegee syphilis study
Photos
Doctor Drawing Blood from Tuskegee Test Subject--from the National Archives via Public Domain
Depression Era Poster Advocating for Early Syphilis Treatment--WPA Poster via Public Domain
Hillary's Story
Business Insider
Over and over again, the military has conducted dangerous biowarfare experiments on Americans--by Kevin Loria
SFGate
Serratia has dark history in region / Army test in 1950 may have changed microbial ecology--by Bernadette Tansey
Wikipedia
Serratia marcescens
New York Times
JUDGE'S DECISION EXPECTED SOON IN CALIFORNIA GERM WARFRE CASE
PBS American Experience
Secret Testing in the United States
Photos
Serratia marcescens--by Benutzer Brudersohn (CC BY SA 3.0)
The San Francisco Bay--by runn310 (CC BY 2.0)